By Samantha Horseman
Stretching has benefits for everyone - those who exercise and those who do not.
Although there has been a lot of controversy about how to stretch, experts agree that stretching needs to be part of everyone’s routine.
The human body is made up of different types of muscle. The two main groups are phasic and postural.
The phasic muscles are made up of fast-twitch, or Type 2, fibers such as quadriceps (the muscles in the front of the upper thigh) and rectus abdominis (abdominal muscles). These muscles are activated in short, explosive activities, such as sprinting to the bus, and are prone to getting weak.
The postural muscles are made up of slow-twitch, or Type-1 fibers such as gastrocnemius and soleus in the back of the lower leg, and pectoralis major and minor in the chest. These muscles are activated in long-sustained positions and movements. Over time, they are prone to getting tight and restricted.
The ability to stretch is influenced by age, gender, body type, temperature, psychological and physical stress, and muscle imbalances.
Stretching after exercise will ensure muscle relaxation, facilitate normal muscle resting length, improve circulation to structures and help remove waste products such as lactic acid.
Lifestyle will influence the health and function of the musculoskeletal system. Many studies indicate that a lot of low-back pain is due to muscle imbalances. For a well-balanced body, it is essential to add stretching as well as exercise to our daily routines.
How often you should stretch is not fully understood, but experts agree that daily stretching is best, or at least after a warm up before and after a sports activity. Frequent stretching reduces muscular imbalances sustained by daily activities or exercise.
Static, prolonged and sustained stretches, are the most effective. Do not bounce. That can cause microtrauma at the muscle-tendon junction.
Connective tissue elongation requires low-intensity and long-duration stretching. Evidence suggests that in order to involve the connective tissue, or tendons, and muscle, it is essential to hold stretches for at least 15-20 seconds.
Complete each stretch 10 times for each muscle, doing both the left and rights sides of the body. You should stretch only when your body is warm, which facilitates range of motion around joints. Never stretch first thing in the morning. If you exercise in the morning, always do a light warm up (5-10 minutes) to get your blood circulation up before you stretch.
(Originally published in the Arabian Sun, March 10, 2004.)  |